Dandruff

Dandruff, a condition of having the scalp of the head flaking off the dead skin is though often not always caused due to dry scalp. The exfoliation of dead skin cells from the scalp is quite common to an extent which unless may require periodic attention.

Dandruff, either chronically or as a result of certain triggers is experienced with excessive flaking of dead skin mostly accompanied with redness and irritation. Although certain cases are easily treated with specialized shampoos, symptoms of seborrhoeic dermatitis, psoriasis, fungal infection or excoriation associated with infestation of head lice would require specific treatment.

Causes

Dandruff was earlier believed to be caused by Malassezia furfur, a fungus naturally found on the human skin until the discovery of Malassezia globosa, a scalp specific fungus that metabolizes the sebaceous secretions (sebum) to disturb homeostasis causing erosion of skin cells.

Dandruff can be caused by potential factors like lack of healthy food & proper rest, stress, excessive perspiration and climate etc. It can seldom be a manifestation of allergic reactions to hair products like hair gel, hair spray, hair oil or sometimes even dandruff medications.

The Riddance

Regular shampooing can easily wash away the scalp flakes; however elimination of the fungus shows better results. The following are the most common anti-fungal agents

a. Zinc pyrithione (Pert & dandruff control)
b. Ketoconazole (Anti-fungal drug)
c. Selenium sulfide (Anti-fungal agent against fungi & yeasts).

However, Anti-dandruff shampoos (Head & Shoulders, Nizoral and Selsun Blue) containing Ketoconazole (concluded the most effective anti-fungal agent) showed better results to that of other anti-fungal agents.

Although there are other home remedies like Oil soaks, Vinegar rinses and usage of Tea-tree oil/Coneflower with Red clover extracts; Prevention is always better than cure abiding healthy habits for a healthy living.